In the field of industrial cameras, we often hear 2D cameras, 3D cameras, line array cameras, surface array cameras, CCD cameras, CMOS cameras, black and white cameras, and color cameras. What are their working principles, application scenarios and selection basis? Below are some industrial camera materials compiled by the editor for your reference:
2D camera
Work principle: Based on two-dimensional image capture, the characteristics and defects of objects are detected by analyzing the light, dark, texture, color and other information of the image.
Application scenarios: widely used in the appearance detection of flat workpieces, such as detecting scratches, stains, holes and other defects on materials such as glass, paper, plastic films, etc.; it can also be used for the size and shape detection of electronic components and mechanical parts, as well as product surface character recognition, label detection, etc.
Selecting basis: Determine the resolution of the camera based on the size of the detected object and the required detection accuracy; choose the appropriate frame rate to consider the detection speed requirements; for important detection tasks of color information, choose a color camera, otherwise black and white cameras usually have higher contrast and detailed capture capabilities, which are more suitable for detecting subtle defects.
3D camera
Working principle: mainly obtains the depth information of the object through laser contour analysis, stereo imaging, stripe projection, time of flight method, etc., and then generates the three-dimensional morphological data of the object.
Laser contour analysis: The object to be measured moves through the laser beam, and the camera records the changing outline of the object when it passes through the laser beam, thereby generating a 3D image.
Stereometric imaging: Use two cameras to record the 2D image of the object, and then creates a 3D image through triangulation.
Seometric projection: Project the stripe pattern on the entire surface area to be measured, then record the image through the camera, and create point cloud data.
Application scenarios: suitable for surface detection of objects with complex shapes or high and low undulating objects, such as concave and convex defect detection of molds, gears, welds, etc.; in the fields of automobile manufacturing, aerospace, etc., it can be used for dimensional measurement, shape detection and assembly accuracy detection of parts; it can also be used for object volume measurement and cargo sorting in the logistics industry.
Selecting basis: select different 3D imaging technologies and corresponding camera models according to the complexity and accuracy requirements of the detected object; consider the measurement range and accuracy to determine the resolution and measurement accuracy of the camera; for high-speed moving objects, it is necessary to select a 3D camera with a higher frame rate.
Line array camera
Working principle: consists of a row of sensors, and the image information is obtained by progressive scanning. When the object moves in front of the camera, the sensor senses light line by line to form a continuous line image. These line images are spliced together to form a complete scan area image.
Application scenarios: It is often used to detect fast moving objects or large-area object surfaces, such as detecting the quality of printed materials in the printing industry, including color deviation, pattern integrity, etc.; in the field of semiconductor manufacturing, detecting microscopic defects on the wafer surface; in the logistics industry, it can be used for size measurement of packages and identification of surface labels, etc.; it can also be used for barcode and QR code scanning.
Selecting basis: determine the line frequency and resolution of the camera based on the motion speed and detection accuracy requirements of the object; choose the appropriate sensor length and lens focal length in consideration of the width of the object and the size of the detection area; for applications that require high-precision color detection, color line array cameras can be selected.
Plane array camera
Application scenarios: It is suitable for imaging of static scenes, such as ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc. in medical imaging equipment; in the field of security monitoring, it is used for real-time monitoring and recording; in automated production, it can be used for object recognition, positioning and classification; it is also widely used in consumer electronic products such as photography and video recording, as well as imaging equipment such as microscopes and astronomical telescopes in scientific research.
Selecting basis: select the appropriate target surface size and lens focal length based on the size of the detected object and the required field of view angle; determine the resolution of the camera based on the detection accuracy requirements; consider whether the frame rate meets the detection speed requirements; for applications that require color images, select a color plane array camera.
CCD camera
Working principle: The photosensitive element on the CCD chip converts the light signal into a charge signal, and then converts the charge signal into a digital signal through the charge transfer and readout circuit to form an image.
Application scenarios: Because CCD cameras have high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, they are suitable for occasions with high requirements for image quality, such as astronomical observations, high-definition medical X-ray images, etc.; in industrial inspection, they are often used for high-precision detection of small defects and imaging objects under low light conditions.
Selected basis: If the camera performance requirements are very high, the cost control is not too strict, and long-term exposure and relatively strict image noise are required, the CCD camera can be selected.
CMOS camera
Working principle: Each pixel on the CMOS sensor integrates photoelectric conversion, amplification and readout circuits, which directly converts the optical signal into a digital signal, with a faster readout speed and low power consumption.
Application scenarios: CMOS cameras have the advantages of high yield, high integration, low power consumption, and low price, and are suitable for large-scale mass production and portable equipment; they are widely used in most auxiliary light illumination industrial inspection applications, security and security applications, and consumer commercial digital cameras.
Selecting basis:Left;">Black and white camera
Work principle: Only record the grayscale information of the object, reflect the light and darkness and details of the object through the difference in grayscale values, and is highly sensitive to light, and can capture more detailed information.
Application scenarios: widely used in industrial automation and quality control, such as detecting defects and dimensional measurements of products on production lines; in the field of scientific research, it is often used in microscope imaging to help researchers observe the microstructure of samples; in security monitoring, black and white cameras perform well in night monitoring, especially in low light conditions, and can capture clear images.
Selecting basis: If the detection task mainly focuses on the shape, size and details of the object, and has no requirements for color information, or needs to obtain better contrast and detail capture capabilities under low light conditions, you can choose a black and white camera.
Color camera
Working principle: It can capture the information of the three color channels of the object, red, green and blue, and convert it into a color image through the color interpolation algorithm, thereby presenting the real color of the object.
Application scenario: It is suitable for detection tasks that require color information, such as printing inspection, food grading, textile
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